Northern Territory of Australia has a rich history. On 1 July 1978 the Northern Territory of Australia was established as a body politic with executive authority for specified functions of government. Most functions of the Federal Government were transferred to the Territory Government in 1978 and 1979, major exceptions being Aboriginal affairs and uranium mining. The Parliament of Northern Territory consists of a single house, the Legislative Assembly, with 25 members. All of the government matters are retained by the Commonwealth.

Northern Territory of Australia, occupies much of the central part of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It is bordered by Western Australia in the west (129th meridian east), South Australia in the south (26 south side) and Queensland in the east (138th meridian east longitude). The northern territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite the large area - over 1349129 square kilometers (520,902 square miles), making it the third largest Australian federal division - it is sparsely populated. With a population of 221,100 it is the least populous division of the continent.